The law, signed by President Vladimir V. Putin in June, has ignited
international condemnation and blindsided the Kremlin with the sort of
toxic political controversy that officials had desperately hoped to
avoid ahead of the 2014 Winter Olympic Games in Sochi. The last Olympics
on Russian soil, in 1980, was marred by the boycott over the Soviet
invasion of Afghanistan.
The furor includes a boycott of Russian vodka in gay bars throughout the
West and some calls for a boycott of the Sochi Games altogether. Beyond
putting organizers on the defensive, it has cast worldwide attention on
the cruel circumstances in which most gay people live in modern Russia.
Despite the breathtaking wealth and vibrant culture in the metropolises
of Moscow and St. Petersburg, Russia remains a country where
discrimination and even violence against gay people are widely
tolerated.
“What is going on now in Russia contradicts its place in the world,”
said Anton Krasovsky, a television anchor who was immediately fired from
his job at the government-controlled KontrTV network in January after
he announced during a live broadcast that he is gay, saying he was fed
up with lying about his life and offended by the legislation.
Few gay people in Russia openly acknowledge their sexual orientation,
and those who do are often harassed. When some gay people protested the
propaganda law by kissing outside the State Duma, the lower house of
Parliament, police officers stood by and watched as the demonstrators
were doused with water and beaten by antigay and religious supporters of
the bill.
Last month, Patriarch Kirill I, the leader of the Russian Orthodox
Church, called same-sex marriage “a very dangerous sign of the
apocalypse.”
Mixed signals from senior Russian officials over how the propaganda law
might be enforced during the Games have undercut assertions by the
International Olympic Committee that gay athletes and spectators have
nothing to worry about, and have left organizing officials facing harsh
criticism and demanding clarifications from the Kremlin.
There have been comparisons to Nazi Germany as host of the 1936 Olympics
inside and outside Russia, including one by Jay Leno during an
interview with President Obama last week on “The Tonight Show.”
“Something that shocked me about Russia,” Mr. Leno told the president.
“Suddenly, homosexuality is against the law. I mean, this seems like
Germany: Let’s round up the Jews. Let’s round up the gays. Let’s round
up the blacks. I mean, it starts with that.”
Russian officials say the criticism is unfair and inaccurate. In 1993,
Russia repealed the Soviet-era law that made gay sex a crime.
Gay rights advocates disagree, saying the law is vague and can be used to arrest anyone who appears to support gay rights.
Russian gay rights advocates said the outrage in the West was providing
new energy and financial support to their still relatively young
movement. It is also raising pressure, including fears of increased
violence.
“It’s not only a question of the period of the Olympic Games; here,
there should be no law like this,” said Kirill Kalugin, 21, who was
beaten by counter demonstrators at a gay pride event in St. Petersburg
last month and then detained by the police. “I feel very offended that I
am being presented as an enemy of my own people.”
Rights advocates said that Russia was growing more dangerous for gay
people. This year, there have been at least two killings motivated by
antigay bias in the country, including
the savage beating death in May of a young man in Volgograd who was also sodomized with beer bottles.
Mr. Smirnov said that even in Moscow and in St. Petersburg, where there
are large gay populations, as well as a thriving and visible gay night
life that includes several gay bars and clubs, bias was inescapable.