The
scene is horrifyingly familiar. Islamic State soldiers march a line of
prisoners to a riverbank, shoot them one by one and dump their bodies
over a blood-soaked dock into the water.
But
instead of the celebratory music and words of praise expected in a
jihadi video, the soundtrack features the former Indonesian president,
Abdurrahman Wahid, singing a Javanese mystical poem: “Many who memorize
the Quran and Hadith love to condemn others as infidels while ignoring
their own infidelity to God, their hearts and minds still mired in
filth.”
That
powerful scene is one of many in a 90-minute film that amounts to a
relentless, religious repudiation of the Islamic State and the opening
salvo in a global campaign by the world’s largest Muslim group to
challenge its ideology head-on.
The challenge, perhaps surprisingly, comes from Indonesia,
which has the world’s largest Muslim population but which lies
thousands of miles away from the Islamic State’s base in the Middle
East.
“The
spread of a shallow understanding of Islam renders this situation
critical, as highly vocal elements within the Muslim population at large
—
extremist groups — justify their harsh and often savage behavior by
claiming to act in accord with God’s commands, although they are
grievously mistaken,” said A. Mustofa Bisri, the spiritual leader of the
group,
Nahdlatul Ulama, an Indonesian Muslim organization that claims more than 50 million members.
“According
to the Sunni view of Islam,” he said, “every aspect and expression of
religion should be imbued with love and compassion, and foster the
perfection of human nature.”
This
message of tolerance is at the heart of the group’s campaign against
jihadism, which will be carried out online, and in hotel conference
rooms and convention centers from North America to Europe to Asia. The
film was released Thursday at the start of a three-day congress by the
organization’s youth wing in the Central Java city of Yogyakarta.
As
world leaders call for Muslims to take the lead in the ideological
battle against a growing and increasingly violent offshoot of their own
religion, analysts say the group’s campaign is a welcome antidote to
jihadism.
The
campaign by Nahdlatul Ulama, known as N.U., for a liberal, pluralistic
Islam also comes at a time when Islam is at war with itself over central
theological questions of how the faith is defined in the modern era.
In
a way, it should not be surprising that this message comes from
Indonesia, the home of Islam Nusantara, widely seen as one of the most
progressive Islamic movements in the world. The movement — its name is
Indonesian for “East Indies Islam” — dates back more than 500 years and
promotes a spiritual interpretation of Islam that stresses nonviolence,
inclusiveness and acceptance of other religions.
Indonesian
Islam blended with local religious beliefs and traditions, creating a
pluralistic society despite having a Muslim majority.
Indonesia
today has more than 190 million Muslims, but also has a secular
government and influential Christian, Hindu and Buddhist minorities.
Such liberalism poses a counterargument to the Islamic State, analysts said. “We
are directly challenging the idea of ISIS, which wants Islam to be
uniform, meaning that if there is any other idea of Islam that is not
following their ideas, those people are infidels who must be killed,”
said Yahya Cholil Staquf, general secretary to the N.U. supreme council.
“We will show that is not the case with Islam.”
N.U.
has established a nonprofit organization, Bayt ar-Rahmah, in
Winston-Salem, N.C., which will be the hub for international activities
including conferences and seminars to promote Indonesia’s tradition of
nonviolent, pluralistic Islam, Mr. Yahya said.
N.U.
is also working with the University of Vienna in Austria, which
collects and analyzes ISIS propaganda, to prepare responses to those
messages, which N.U. will disseminate online and at conferences.
A prevention center based in Indonesia, expected to be operational by
the end of the year, will train male and female Arabic-speaking students
to engage with jihadist ideology and messaging under the guidance of
N.U. theologians who are consulting Western academia.
In
scene after scene, they challenge and denounce the Islamic State’s
interpretations of the Quran and the Hadith, the book of the Prophet
Muhammad’s teachings, as factually wrong and perverse.
The
Islamic State’s theology, rooted in the fundamentalist Wahhabi
movement, takes its cues from medieval Islamic jurisprudence, where
slavery and execution of prisoners was accepted. The filmmakers accept
the legitimacy of those positions for the time but argue that Islamic
law needs to be updated to 21st-century norms.
“The
problem with Middle East Islam is they have what I call religious
racism,” said Azyumardi Azra, an Islamic scholar and former rector of
the State Islamic University in Jakarta. “They feel that only the Arabs
are real Muslims and the others are not.”
Saudi
Arabia, the birthplace of Islam and the main source of financial
support for Wahhabism worldwide, has had more success in imposing its
interpretation and has even made inroads in Indonesia. Analysts say a
steady flow of money from Persian Gulf countries, including Saudi Arabia
and Qatar, supports an active and growing Wahhabist movement here.
Hedieh
Mirahmadi, president of the World Organization for Resource Development
and Education, an organization based in Washington that works to combat
extremism, said that, according to open source data, supporters of the
Islamic State were sending an average of 2.8 million messages a day to
their followers on Twitter.
“Who’s going to counter that?” she asked. “It’s
what they are doing in Indonesia, it’s what we are doing in the U.S.,
and in other places,” she said. “You flood the space, and you hope
people get the right messages.”