We hear much about the increased loneliness and sense of isolation experienced by everyday Americans and the role it may play in political polarization and the rise of MAGA. While some on the far right would blame the phenomenon on the decline of organized religion and a loss of "fellowship", as a piece in
reviews, the real cause is perhaps due to modern trends that make self-entertainment at home far easier, without the need to included friends and neighbors. One of the starkest declines is in the number of Americans who entertain at home and throw dinner parties. Indeed, the data indicates that the share of Americans who say they host friends or family at their home at least monthly has fallen from 42 percent in 1975 to 12 percent in 2026—a 70 percent collapse in a half century. In addition, many modern homes have eliminated formal dining rooms which were once a standard feature of most homes. The end result is an increased view of others as "strangers" with declines in a sense of community. Personally, this is an unknown experience. Growing up, my maternal grandmother held family dinners weekly and my parents would likewise host friends. Currently the husband and I host two or more dinner parties in our home every month (some fancy and others simple comfort food) and frequently we go to dinner parties hosted by friends and neighbors. And that's when we are not having dinner with friends at restaurants or the yacht club a block down the street. Besides perhaps setting the stage for political polarization this plunge in socializing does not bode well for aging Americans where studies have found frequent socializing helps ward of mental decline. I'm not sure what the solution is, but the dinner parties and socialization from years past are one aspect of the "good old days" that perhaps need to be restored. Here are highlight from the Atlantic:
Mid-century Americans knew how to throw a party, for
better or worse. In some of the most famous titles of the 1950s and 1960s—Couples,
by John Updike; Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, by Edward Albee; Revolutionary
Road, by Richard Yates—the drama (and martini-soaked melodrama) took place
in middle-class living rooms. The stories were fictional, but the setting was
realistic. Until 1975, half of Americans said they entertained guests at their
home every month.
Then something changed. Americans stopped throwing
parties. Even more fundamental, they stopped visiting one another. From 1975 to
1998, the share of Americans who gave or attended a monthly dinner party
declined by half. The share of Americans saying they never entertained people
at home tripled. Although cultural critics often bemoan the decline of
organized religion, the dip in church attendance was downright modest compared
with the collapse in hosting, according to data gathered by the DDB Needham Life
Style Surveys.
In his 2000 book,
Bowling Alone, Robert Putnam wrote that if these trends continued, the
ancient practice of visiting with friends “might entirely disappear from
American life in less than a generation.” Check your calendars. One generation
and change later, Putnam’s prediction needs an update.
So
what’s the state of hosting in the 21st century? To get an
apples-to-apples answer to that question, the polling group Data for Progress
replicated the DDB Needham Life Style Surveys cited by Putnam. Unfortunately,
the upshot is about as brutal as you’d imagine.
In the past 30
years, Americans have seen double-digit declines in practically every measure
of socializing. They are less likely to play cards; attend a sporting event; go
to the bar; volunteer; work on a community project.
When it comes to
hosting people at home, the declines are particularly stark. Since 1995, the
share of Americans who say they’ve hosted guests or attended a dinner party has
declined by about 20 percent, from 88 to 67 percent—and that’s in addition to
the declines that Putnam noted a quarter century ago.
Combining the two surveys, we get this astonishing
fact: The share of Americans who say they host friends or family at their home
at least monthly has fallen from 42 percent in 1975 to 12 percent in 2026—a 70
percent collapse in a half century.
Perhaps, an
optimist might think, Americans are hosting fewer dinner parties because
they’ve simply moved all of their hangouts to restaurants and bars. Nice idea,
but almost certainly wrong. As Putnam wrote in his book, “the practice of
entertaining friends has not simply moved outside the home, but seems to be
vanishing entirely.” Overall face-to-face socializing has declined
significantly in the past few decades, and the restaurant industry has actually
noted a sharp increase in people eating alone.
Another plausible
theory is that Americans have replaced dinner parties with other forms of
healthy socialization. Americans do engage in some activities much more
frequently than in 1975, such as going to concerts, traveling, and exercising.
All very good.
But the evidence suggests that, despite the
increase in running clubs, the surge in exercise time seems to be mostly solo.
A lot of people are going to the gym with a podcast to keep them company or
rolling out a yoga mat in the basement. Most important, it is impossible to
assert that Americans are getting out of the house to socialize in new ways
when time spent at home has certifiably exploded since the 2010s.
In short, the great disinvitation is real, and we can’t
wish or explain it away by arguing that Americans are just finding new ways to
be with friends. Here are four explanations:
First is that people are more harried, especially
those in dual-earner households. In the 1970 book The Harried Leisure Class,
the Swedish economist Staffan Burenstam Linder wrote that as a society gets
richer, leisure time takes on the frantic quality of work, because each hour of
downtime practically shouts, Excuse me! You could be making money right
now! We multitask and pack various activities into short periods. . . . Taking
several hours to coordinate with other busy people to set up a lengthy dinner
party is a tougher sell.
That’s
a sociological explanation, but the decline of hosting is also about
macroeconomic trends. In Bowling Alone, Putnam acknowledged that women
have historically been the keepers of the family social calendar, planning the
birthday parties and neighborhood potlucks. For any number of reasons, women
seem to do better than men at making and keeping adult friendships and making
plans with other families. But in the 1950s and 1960s, tens of millions of
women traded their unpaid household-management jobs for salaried jobs, and the
family social calendar frayed, as men failed to pick up the slack.
The
trouble with going all in on this explanation—beyond the fact that it embraces
a version of learned helplessness for men—is that leisure time has increased
overall since the 1950s. Theoretically, married couples should have even more
time to have people over for food and drink. Other facts must be squeezing out
socializing.
Another
possibility is that intensive parenting leaves less time for hosting. Americans
used to have many kids whom they cared for sparsely; now they have fewer
children to whom they devote every minute of their life. . . . Thus evenings
that adults once spent hosting adults are now spent holding, bathing, driving,
tutoring, playing with, and talking to their children.
A third explanation is that friendship networks
are shrinking, especially for poor people who aren’t married. If you’re going
to throw a dinner party, you probably need a few things first. Say, a dinner
table. Chairs. Food and drink. And also: friends. It is rare to host a dinner
party for people you’ve never met. But the average number of close friendships
is declining with each generation, and the decline is steepest for Americans
without a college degree. So it’s not just that married people have fewer dinner
parties; poor people, who are less likely to be married, have fewer friends,
period.
[T]he two groups
most likely to say they never entertained people in their home in the previous
year were political independents (44 percent) and people without a college
diploma (39 percent). The latter isn’t surprising, given all of the evidence
that socializing is declining most rapidly among poorer Americans with less
education. Hosting friends, like so much socializing, is in danger of becoming
a luxury good.
The political wrinkle is more intriguing to me. I
sometimes hear from people who tie everything back to politics that political
polarization might lead to social fragmentation. But I wonder if the opposite
is just as plausible. Maybe people who are less embedded in strong social
networks are less likely to attach themselves to groups of all kinds, including
political parties. In this way, America’s long-term detachment from groups and
institutions is leading to a kind of pox-on-all-parties mentality that cashes
out in an increase in independents.
The
average time that Americans spent at home increased by almost two hours a day
from 2003 to 2022. Cocooned within personalized entertainment fortresses, more
Americans have shrunk the great buffet of all possible leisure activities to
the small plate of screened media.
Everybody
might prefer, in the abstract, a world of dinner parties, neighborhood
friendships, and spontaneous gatherings. But on any given Wednesday at 7:45
p.m., looking at a screen is easier than hosting a party. This is not so much
an individual failure as a coordination failure. Modernity has shifted leisure
from activities that require coordination with other people toward activities
that can be consumed without the permission or participation of others. . . . .
We keep creating opportunities for downtime that eliminate the need for other
people to be present. Not all progress is progress.
